Constipation
Infrequent or difficult passage of hard stool.
Constipation is the infrequent, difficult passage of hard stool, and opioids, immobility, low fiber, and dehydration are the most common contributors. First-line measures are increased fluids, dietary fiber, and activity; stool softeners or laxatives are added only when needed. For clients on opioids, anticipate the problem and start a bowel regimen early rather than waiting for symptoms.
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